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Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)
The Nationalist faction ((スペイン語:Bando nacional))〔 or Rebel faction ((スペイン語:Bando sublevado)) was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of political groups that supported the Spanish coup of July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic, including the Falange, the CEDA, and two rival monarchist claimants: the Alfonsists and the Carlists. In 1937, all the groups were merged into the Falange. One of the main leaders ((スペイン語:Caudillo)) of the 1936 coup, General Francisco Franco, would lead this faction throughout the war and later would become the dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975.
The term Nationalists or Nationals () was coined by Joseph Goebbels following the visit of the clandestine Spanish delegation led by Captain Francisco Arranz requesting war material on 24 July 1936, in order to give a cloak of legitimacy to Nazi German help to the Spanish rebel military.〔Juan Eslava Galán, ''Una Historia de la Guerra Civil que no va a Gustar a Nadie,'' Ed. Planeta. 2005. ISBN 8408058835 p. 9-12〕 The leaders of the rebelled faction, who had already been qualified as 'Crusaders' by Bishop of Salamanca Enrique Pla y Deniel —and also used the term ''Cruzada'' for their campaign— immediately took a liking to it.
The term ''Bando nacional'' —much as the term ''rojos'' (Reds) to refer to the loyalists— is considered by some authors as a term linked with the propaganda of that faction, therefore in leftist academic circles the term 'rebels' ''(Bando sublevado)'' is preferred.〔Nerín, Gustau. ''(La guerra que vino de África )''. Editorial Crítica, 2005. ISBN 8484326187, p. 195〕〔(El Pais - Rebeldes, sublevados o franquistas; no nacionales )〕 Throughout the civil war the term 'Nationalist' was mainly used by the members and supporters of the rebel faction, while its opponents used the terms ''fascistas'' (fascists)〔 or ''facciosos'' (sectarians)〔Ángel Bahamonde & Javier Cervera Gil, ''Así terminó la Guerra de España,'' Marcial Pons, Madrid 1999, ISBN 84-95379-00-7〕 to refer to this faction.
==Belligerents==
The military rebellion found wide areas of support both inside Spain and in the international sphere. In Spain the Francoist side was mainly supported by the predominantly conservative upper class, liberal professionals, religious organizations and land-owning farmers. It was mostly based in the rural areas where progressive political movements had made few inroads, such as great swathes of the Northern Meseta, including almost all of Old Castile, as well as La Rioja, Navarra, Alava, the area near Zaragoza in Aragon, most of Galicia, parts of Cáceres in Extremadura and many dispersed pockets in rural Andalucía where the local society still followed ancient traditional patterns and was yet untouched by modern thought.〔Navarro García, Clotilde. ''La educación y el nacional-catolicismo.'' Univ de Castilla La Mancha, 1993. ISBN 84-88255-21-7, pp. 36-37〕
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